The project will systematically study and develop a novel internal hybrid energy storage system which combines the advantages of Li-ion capacitor (LIC) and Li-ion battery (LIB) cells in one compact form. This device consists of a positive electrode with two active charge storage materials of lithium-ion intercalating metal oxide particles (e.g. LiCoO2, LiFePO4, LiNiMnCoO2, etc.) and high rated electric double-layer activated carbon; and a negative electrode consisting of lithium intercalating carbon (e.g. graphite, hard carbon, soft carbon, and their mixtures) loaded with a layer of lithium metal for pre-doping, with a specifically designed capacity ratio with anode. The advantage of this internal hybrid cell is that, at a low output, it will reflect the characteristics of LIB and provide a high energy density; while at a high output, the hybrid cell will exhibit the features of an LIC and provide a high power density; consequently, a high power density and a high energy density system can be achieved. The LIC/LIB internal hybrid source will possess superior technical parameters bettering that of a lead-acid battery, currently being used for generator engine starting and energy storage in micro-grids and naval vessels in the Marine Corps. and the Navy. It will provide enhanced power capability for the undersea vehicle platforms, provide for more efficiency in power modules, reduce the overall volume of power components used on these platforms and based on their increased safety over batteries, would allow for a broader use into manned vehicle applications, providing the soldier more operational value per unit weight, enhancing mobility, equipment readiness in extreme environments and safety, while minimizing the maintenance downtime. By former faculty, Dr. Jim Zheng